![]() ![]() There is an increasing appreciation that understanding these human impacts and manifold human-volcano interactions requires robust multi-, inter- or even trans-disciplinary collaboration. We define archaeological volcanology as a field of study that brings together incentives, insights, and methods from volcanology and from archaeology in an effort to better understand both past volcanism as well as past cultural change, and to improve risk management practices as well as the contemporary engagement with volcanism and its products. This review is concerned with charting the overlapping territory of volcanology and archaeology and attempts to plot productive routes for further conjoined research. ![]() Seen over long timespans, human–volcano interactions become stratified in sedimentary archives containing eruptive products and archaeological remains. ![]() Volcanic eruptions and interactions, with the landforms and products these yield, are a constant feature of human life in many parts of the world. The results of the study, taking into account other factors, can be used in the retroanalysis of the periods of glaciation in centuries before the Common Era and the prediction of them in the future. Solar activity, planetary factors and processes - volcanic activity, current intensity, heat transfer with the World Ocean – can noticeably strengthen or weaken both the manifestation of optimums and pessimums. In the second half of the 22nd century, and throughout the entire 24th century, the advance of the alpine glaciers will be associated with the conditions of the climatic pessimum. The anthropogenic causes of modern warming, which will last until the middle of the 22nd century, are secondary. The research methods were study, generalization of materials, data synthesis, logical and graphical analysis. The aim and novelty of the study is to identify the relationship between the number of years with four to five polar eclipses (in periods of pessimums, their number reaches 15-17 years, and in periods of optimums – 2-7 years in a century) and glaciation processes, such as the Fernau fluctuation, Late Antique Little Ice Age, or processes of warming and degradation of glaciers in the Roman and Medieval optimums. The annual changes in the position of the total vector of gravitational forces in space visually reflects the movement of the shadow cone of solar eclipses around the globe. The root cause of modern climate warming is the influence of gravitational forces on the geospheres of our planet, determined by the orbital configuration of the Earth-Moon-Sun system. ![]()
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